Bar chart with Plotly Express¶

Plotly Express is the easy-to-use, high-level interface to Plotly, which operates on a variety of types of data and produces easy-to-style figures.

With px.bar, each row of the DataFrame is represented as a rectangular mark. To aggregate multiple data points into the same rectangular mark, please refer to the histogram documentation.

In the example below, there is only a single row of data per year, so a single bar is displayed per year.

In [1]:

import plotly.express as px
data_canada = px.data.gapminder().query("country == 'Canada'")
fig = px.bar(data_canada, x='year', y='pop')
fig.show()

Bar charts with Long Format Data¶

Long-form data has one row per observation, and one column per variable. This is suitable for storing and displaying multivariate data i.e. with dimension greater than 2. This format is sometimes called "tidy".

To learn more about how to provide a specific form of column-oriented data to 2D-Cartesian Plotly Express functions such as px.bar, see the Plotly Express Wide-Form Support in Python documentation.

For detailed column-input-format documentation, see the Plotly Express Arguments documentation.

In [2]:

import plotly.express as px

long_df = px.data.medals_long()

fig = px.bar(long_df, x="nation", y="count", color="medal", title="Long-Form Input")
fig.show()

In [3]:

long_df

Out[3]:

	nation	medal	count
0	South Korea	gold	24
1	China	gold	10
2	Canada	gold	9
3	South Korea	silver	13
4	China	silver	15
5	Canada	silver	12
6	South Korea	bronze	11
7	China	bronze	8
8	Canada	bronze	12

Bar charts with Wide Format Data¶

Wide-form data has one row per value of one of the first variable, and one column per value of the second variable. This is suitable for storing and displaying 2-dimensional data.

In [4]:

import plotly.express as px

wide_df = px.data.medals_wide()

fig = px.bar(wide_df, x="nation", y=["gold", "silver", "bronze"], title="Wide-Form Input")
fig.show()

In [5]:

wide_df

Out[5]:

	nation	gold	silver	bronze
0	South Korea	24	13	11
1	China	10	15	8
2	Canada	9	12	12

Bar charts in Dash¶

Dash is the best way to build analytical apps in Python using Plotly figures. To run the app below, run pip install dash, click "Download" to get the code and run python app.py.

Get started with the official Dash docs and learn how to effortlessly style & deploy apps like this with Dash Enterprise.

Out[6]:

Colored Bars¶

The bar plot can be customized using keyword arguments, for example to use continuous color, as below, or discrete color, as above.

In [7]:

import plotly.express as px

df = px.data.gapminder().query("country == 'Canada'")
fig = px.bar(df, x='year', y='pop',
             hover_data=['lifeExp', 'gdpPercap'], color='lifeExp',
             labels={'pop':'population of Canada'}, height=400)
fig.show()

In [8]:

import plotly.express as px

df = px.data.gapminder().query("continent == 'Oceania'")
fig = px.bar(df, x='year', y='pop',
             hover_data=['lifeExp', 'gdpPercap'], color='country',
             labels={'pop':'population of Canada'}, height=400)
fig.show()

Stacked vs Grouped Bars¶

When several rows share the same value of x (here Female or Male), the rectangles are stacked on top of one another by default.

In [9]:

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.tips()
fig = px.bar(df, x="sex", y="total_bill", color='time')
fig.show()

The default stacked bar chart behavior can be changed to grouped (also known as clustered) using the barmode argument:

In [10]:

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.tips()
fig = px.bar(df, x="sex", y="total_bill",
             color='smoker', barmode='group',
             height=400)
fig.show()

Aggregating into Single Colored Bars¶

As noted above px.bar() will result in one rectangle drawn per row of input. This can sometimes result in a striped look as in the examples above. To combine these rectangles into one per color per position, you can use px.histogram(), which has its own detailed documentation page.

px.bar and px.histogram are designed to be nearly interchangeable in their call signatures, so as to be able to switch between aggregated and disaggregated bar representations.

In [11]:

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.tips()
fig = px.histogram(df, x="sex", y="total_bill",
             color='smoker', barmode='group',
             height=400)
fig.show()

px.histogram() will aggregate y values by summing them by default, but the histfunc argument can be used to set this to avg to create what is sometimes called a "barplot" which summarizes the central tendency of a dataset, rather than visually representing the totality of the dataset.

Warning: when using histfuncs other than "sum" or "count" it can be very misleading to use a barmode other than "group", as stacked bars in effect represent the sum of the bar heights, and summing averages is rarely a reasonable thing to visualize.

In [12]:

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.tips()
fig = px.histogram(df, x="sex", y="total_bill",
             color='smoker', barmode='group',
             histfunc='avg',
             height=400)
fig.show()

Bar Charts with Text¶

New in v5.5

You can add text to bars using the text_auto argument. Setting it to True will display the values on the bars, and setting it to a d3-format formatting string will control the output format.

In [13]:

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.medals_long()

fig = px.bar(df, x="medal", y="count", color="nation", text_auto=True)
fig.show()

The text argument can be used to display arbitrary text on the bars:

In [14]:

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.medals_long()

fig = px.bar(df, x="medal", y="count", color="nation", text="nation")
fig.show()

By default, Plotly will scale and rotate text labels to maximize the number of visible labels, which can result in a variety of text angles and sizes and positions in the same figure. The textfont, textposition and textangle trace attributes can be used to control these.

Here is an example of the default behavior:

In [15]:

import plotly.express as px

df = px.data.gapminder().query("continent == 'Europe' and year == 2007 and pop > 2.e6")
fig = px.bar(df, y='pop', x='country', text_auto='.2s',
            title="Default: various text sizes, positions and angles")
fig.show()

Here is the same data with less variation in text formatting. Note that textfont_size will set the maximum size. The layout.uniformtext attribute can be used to guarantee that all text labels are the same size. See the documentation on text and annotations for details.

The cliponaxis attribute is set to False in the example below to ensure that the outside text on the tallest bar is allowed to render outside of the plotting area.

In [16]:

import plotly.express as px

df = px.data.gapminder().query("continent == 'Europe' and year == 2007 and pop > 2.e6")
fig = px.bar(df, y='pop', x='country', text_auto='.2s',
            title="Controlled text sizes, positions and angles")
fig.update_traces(textfont_size=12, textangle=0, textposition="outside", cliponaxis=False)
fig.show()

Pattern Fills¶

New in v5.0

Bar charts afford the use of patterns (also known as hatching or texture) in addition to color:

In [17]:

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.medals_long()

fig = px.bar(df, x="medal", y="count", color="nation",
             pattern_shape="nation", pattern_shape_sequence=[".", "x", "+"])
fig.show()

Facetted subplots¶

Use the keyword arguments facet_row (resp. facet_col) to create facetted subplots, where different rows (resp. columns) correspond to different values of the dataframe column specified in facet_row.

In [18]:

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.tips()
fig = px.bar(df, x="sex", y="total_bill", color="smoker", barmode="group",
             facet_row="time", facet_col="day",
             category_orders={"day": ["Thur", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"],
                              "time": ["Lunch", "Dinner"]})
fig.show()

Basic Bar Charts with plotly.graph_objects¶

If Plotly Express does not provide a good starting point, it is also possible to use the more generic go.Bar class from plotly.graph_objects.

In [19]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
animals=['giraffes', 'orangutans', 'monkeys']

fig = go.Figure([go.Bar(x=animals, y=[20, 14, 23])])
fig.show()

Grouped Bar Chart¶

Customize the figure using fig.update.

In [20]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
animals=['giraffes', 'orangutans', 'monkeys']

fig = go.Figure(data=[
    go.Bar(name='SF Zoo', x=animals, y=[20, 14, 23]),
    go.Bar(name='LA Zoo', x=animals, y=[12, 18, 29])
])
# Change the bar mode
fig.update_layout(barmode='group')
fig.show()

Stacked Bar Chart¶

In [21]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
animals=['giraffes', 'orangutans', 'monkeys']

fig = go.Figure(data=[
    go.Bar(name='SF Zoo', x=animals, y=[20, 14, 23]),
    go.Bar(name='LA Zoo', x=animals, y=[12, 18, 29])
])
# Change the bar mode
fig.update_layout(barmode='stack')
fig.show()

Bar Chart with Hover Text¶

In [22]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

x = ['Product A', 'Product B', 'Product C']
y = [20, 14, 23]

# Use the hovertext kw argument for hover text
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Bar(x=x, y=y,
            hovertext=['27% market share', '24% market share', '19% market share'])])
# Customize aspect
fig.update_traces(marker_color='rgb(158,202,225)', marker_line_color='rgb(8,48,107)',
                  marker_line_width=1.5, opacity=0.6)
fig.update_layout(title_text='January 2013 Sales Report')
fig.show()

Bar Chart with Direct Labels¶

In [23]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

x = ['Product A', 'Product B', 'Product C']
y = [20, 14, 23]

# Use textposition='auto' for direct text
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Bar(
            x=x, y=y,
            text=y,
            textposition='auto',
        )])

fig.show()

Controlling text fontsize with uniformtext¶

If you want all the text labels to have the same size, you can use the uniformtext layout parameter. The minsize attribute sets the font size, and the mode attribute sets what happens for labels which cannot fit with the desired fontsize: either hide them or show them with overflow. In the example below we also force the text to be outside of bars with textposition.

In [24]:

import plotly.express as px

df = px.data.gapminder().query("continent == 'Europe' and year == 2007 and pop > 2.e6")
fig = px.bar(df, y='pop', x='country', text='pop')
fig.update_traces(texttemplate='%{text:.2s}', textposition='outside')
fig.update_layout(uniformtext_minsize=8, uniformtext_mode='hide')
fig.show()

Rotated Bar Chart Labels¶

In [25]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
          'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(
    x=months,
    y=[20, 14, 25, 16, 18, 22, 19, 15, 12, 16, 14, 17],
    name='Primary Product',
    marker_color='indianred'
))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(
    x=months,
    y=[19, 14, 22, 14, 16, 19, 15, 14, 10, 12, 12, 16],
    name='Secondary Product',
    marker_color='lightsalmon'
))

# Here we modify the tickangle of the xaxis, resulting in rotated labels.
fig.update_layout(barmode='group', xaxis_tickangle=-45)
fig.show()

Customizing Individual Bar Colors¶

In [26]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

colors = ['lightslategray',] * 5
colors[1] = 'crimson'

fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Bar(
    x=['Feature A', 'Feature B', 'Feature C',
       'Feature D', 'Feature E'],
    y=[20, 14, 23, 25, 22],
    marker_color=colors # marker color can be a single color value or an iterable
)])
fig.update_layout(title_text='Least Used Feature')

Customizing Individual Bar Widths¶

In [27]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Bar(
    x=[1, 2, 3, 5.5, 10],
    y=[10, 8, 6, 4, 2],
    width=[0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 3.5, 4] # customize width here
)])

fig.show()

Bar charts with custom widths can be used to make mekko charts (also known as marimekko charts, mosaic plots, or variwide charts).

In [28]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np

labels = ["apples","oranges","pears","bananas"]
widths = np.array([10,20,20,50])

data = {
    "South": [50,80,60,70],
    "North": [50,20,40,30]
}

fig = go.Figure()
for key in data:
    fig.add_trace(go.Bar(
        name=key,
        y=data[key],
        x=np.cumsum(widths)-widths,
        width=widths,
        offset=0,
        customdata=np.transpose([labels, widths*data[key]]),
        texttemplate="%{y} x %{width} =<br>%{customdata[1]}",
        textposition="inside",
        textangle=0,
        textfont_color="white",
        hovertemplate="<br>".join([
            "label: %{customdata[0]}",
            "width: %{width}",
            "height: %{y}",
            "area: %{customdata[1]}",
        ])
    ))

fig.update_xaxes(
    tickvals=np.cumsum(widths)-widths/2,
    ticktext= ["%s<br>%d" % (l, w) for l, w in zip(labels, widths)]
)

fig.update_xaxes(range=[0,100])
fig.update_yaxes(range=[0,100])

fig.update_layout(
    title_text="Marimekko Chart",
    barmode="stack",
    uniformtext=dict(mode="hide", minsize=10),
)

Customizing Individual Bar Base¶

In [29]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

years = ['2016','2017','2018']

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=years, y=[500, 600, 700],
                base=[-500,-600,-700],
                marker_color='crimson',
                name='expenses'))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=years, y=[300, 400, 700],
                base=0,
                marker_color='lightslategrey',
                name='revenue'
                ))

fig.show()

Colored and Styled Bar Chart¶

In this example several parameters of the layout as customized, hence it is convenient to use directly the go.Layout(...) constructor instead of calling fig.update.

In [30]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

years = [1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
         2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012]

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=years,
                y=[219, 146, 112, 127, 124, 180, 236, 207, 236, 263,
                   350, 430, 474, 526, 488, 537, 500, 439],
                name='Rest of world',
                marker_color='rgb(55, 83, 109)'
                ))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=years,
                y=[16, 13, 10, 11, 28, 37, 43, 55, 56, 88, 105, 156, 270,
                   299, 340, 403, 549, 499],
                name='China',
                marker_color='rgb(26, 118, 255)'
                ))

fig.update_layout(
    title='US Export of Plastic Scrap',
    xaxis_tickfont_size=14,
    yaxis=dict(
        title='USD (millions)',
        titlefont_size=16,
        tickfont_size=14,
    ),
    legend=dict(
        x=0,
        y=1.0,
        bgcolor='rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)',
        bordercolor='rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)'
    ),
    barmode='group',
    bargap=0.15, # gap between bars of adjacent location coordinates.
    bargroupgap=0.1 # gap between bars of the same location coordinate.
)
fig.show()

Bar Chart with Relative Barmode¶

With "relative" barmode, the bars are stacked on top of one another, with negative values below the axis, positive values above.

In [31]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[1, 4, 9, 16]))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[6, -8, -4.5, 8]))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[-15, -3, 4.5, -8]))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[-1, 3, -3, -4]))

fig.update_layout(barmode='relative', title_text='Relative Barmode')
fig.show()

Bar Chart with Sorted or Ordered Categories¶

Set categoryorder to "category ascending" or "category descending" for the alphanumerical order of the category names or "total ascending" or "total descending" for numerical order of values. categoryorder for more information. Note that sorting the bars by a particular trace isn't possible right now - it's only possible to sort by the total values. Of course, you can always sort your data before plotting it if you need more customization.

This example orders the bar chart alphabetically with categoryorder: 'category ascending'

In [32]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

x=['b', 'a', 'c', 'd']
fig = go.Figure(go.Bar(x=x, y=[2,5,1,9], name='Montreal'))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[1, 4, 9, 16], name='Ottawa'))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[6, 8, 4.5, 8], name='Toronto'))

fig.update_layout(barmode='stack', xaxis={'categoryorder':'category ascending'})
fig.show()

This example shows how to customise sort ordering by defining categoryorder to "array" to derive the ordering from the attribute categoryarray.

In [33]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

x=['b', 'a', 'c', 'd']
fig = go.Figure(go.Bar(x=x, y=[2,5,1,9], name='Montreal'))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[1, 4, 9, 16], name='Ottawa'))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[6, 8, 4.5, 8], name='Toronto'))

fig.update_layout(barmode='stack', xaxis={'categoryorder':'array', 'categoryarray':['d','a','c','b']})
fig.show()

This example orders the bar chart by descending value with categoryorder: 'total descending'

In [34]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go

x=['b', 'a', 'c', 'd']
fig = go.Figure(go.Bar(x=x, y=[2,5,1,9], name='Montreal'))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[1, 4, 9, 16], name='Ottawa'))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=x, y=[6, 8, 4.5, 8], name='Toronto'))

fig.update_layout(barmode='stack', xaxis={'categoryorder':'total descending'})
fig.show()

Horizontal Bar Charts¶

See examples of horizontal bar charts here.

Bar Charts With Multicategory Axis Type¶

If your traces have arrays for x or y, then the axis type is automatically inferred to be multicategory.

In [35]:

import plotly.graph_objects as go
x = [
    ["BB+", "BB+", "BB+", "BB", "BB", "BB"],
    [16, 17, 18, 16, 17, 18,]
]
fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_bar(x=x,y=[1,2,3,4,5,6])
fig.add_bar(x=x,y=[6,5,4,3,2,1])
fig.update_layout(barmode="relative")
fig.show()

Reference¶

See function reference for px.bar() or https://plotly.com/python/reference/bar/ for more information and chart attribute options!

What About Dash?¶

Dash is an open-source framework for building analytical applications, with no Javascript required, and it is tightly integrated with the Plotly graphing library.

Learn about how to install Dash at https://dash.plot.ly/installation.

Everywhere in this page that you see fig.show(), you can display the same figure in a Dash application by passing it to the figure argument of the Graph component from the built-in dash_core_components package like this:

import plotly.graph_objects as go # or plotly.express as px
fig = go.Figure() # or any Plotly Express function e.g. px.bar(...)
# fig.add_trace( ... )
# fig.update_layout( ... )

import dash
import dash_core_components as dcc
import dash_html_components as html

app = dash.Dash()
app.layout = html.Div([
    dcc.Graph(figure=fig)
])

app.run_server(debug=True, use_reloader=False)  # Turn off reloader if inside Jupyter